Seminars in Nephrology
Volume 25, Issue 1 , Pages 39-42 , January 2005

Uric acid as a mediator of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and vascular disease

  • John Kanellis

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Nephrology and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
    • Division of Nephrology, Ewha Women’s University, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
    • Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Dr. John Kanellis, Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne. Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
    • ,
  • Duk-Hee Kang

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Nephrology and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
    • Division of Nephrology, Ewha Women’s University, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
    • Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.

References 

  1. Goldstein HS , Manowitz P . Relation between serum uric acid and blood pressure in adolescents . Ann Hum Biol . 1993;20:423–431
  2. Selby JV , Friedman GD , Quesenberry CP . Precursors of essential hypertension (Pulmonary function, heart rate, uric acid, serum cholesterol, and other serum chemistries) . Am J Epidemiol . 1990;131:1017–1027
  3. Fang J , Alderman MH . Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study, 1971–1992. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey . JAMA . 2000;283:2404–2410
  4. Moriarity JT , Folsom AR , Iribarren C , et al.   Serum uric acid and risk of coronary heart disease (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study) . Ann Epidemiol . 2000;10:136–143
  5. Anker SD , Doehner W , Rauchhaus M , et al.   Uric acid and survival in chronic heart failure (Validation and application in metabolic, functional, and hemodynamic staging) . Circulation . 2003;107:1991–1997
  6. Weir CJ , Muir SW , Walters MR , et al.   Serum urate as an independent predictor of poor outcome and future vascular events after acute stroke . Stroke . 2003;34:1951–1956
  7. Chamorro A , Planas AM . Yin and yang of uric acid in patients with stroke . Stroke . 2004;35:e11–e12
  8. Ames BN , Cathcart R , Schwiers E , et al.   Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant- and radical-caused aging and cancer (A hypothesis) . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 1981;78:6858–6862
  9. Squadrito GL , Cueto R , Splenser AE , et al.   Reaction of uric acid with peroxynitrite and implications for the mechanism of neuroprotection by uric acid . Arch Biochem Biophys . 2000;376:333–337
  10. Hicks M , Wong LS , Day RO . Identification of products from oxidation of uric acid induced by hydroxyl radicals . Free Radic Res Commun . 1993;18:337–351
  11. Maples KR , Mason RP . Free radical metabolite of uric acid . J Biol Chem . 1988;263:1709–1712
  12. Santos CX , Anjos EI , Augusto O . Uric acid oxidation by peroxynitrite (Multiple reactions, free radical formation, and amplification of lipid oxidation) . Arch Biochem Biophys . 1999;372:285–294
  13. Abuja PM . Ascorbate prevents prooxidant effects of urate in oxidation of human low density lipoprotein . FEBS Lett . 1999;446:305–308
  14. Bagnati M , Perugini C , Cau C , et al.   When and why a water-soluble antioxidant becomes pro-oxidant during copper-induced low-density lipoprotein oxidation (A study using uric acid) . Biochem J . 1999;340:143–152
  15. Patterson RA , Horsley ET , Leake DS . Prooxidant and antioxidant properties of human serum ultrafiltrates toward LDL (Important role of uric acid) . J Lipid Res . 2003;44:512–521
  16. Cherubini A , Polidori MC , Bregnocchi M , et al.   Antioxidant profile and early outcome in stroke patients . Stroke . 2000;31:2295–2300
  17. Leyva F , Anker S , Swan JW , et al.   Serum uric acid as an index of impaired oxidative metabolism in chronic heart failure . Eur Heart J . 1997;18:858–865
  18. Doehner W , Schoene N , Rauchhaus M , et al.   Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol on endothelial function and peripheral blood flow in hyperuricemic patients with chronic heart failure (Results from 2 placebo-controlled studies) . Circulation . 2002;105:2619–2624
  19. Mazzali M , Kanellis J , Han L , et al.   Hyperuricemia induces a primary renal arteriolopathy in rats by a blood pressure-independent mechanism . Am J Physiol . 2002;282:F991–F997
  20. Mazzali M , Hughes J , Kim YG , et al.   Elevated uric acid increases blood pressure in the rat by a novel crystal-independent mechanism . Hypertension . 2001;38:1101–1106
  21. Cappola TP , Kass DA , Nelson GS , et al.   Allopurinol improves myocardial efficiency in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy . Circulation . 2001;104:2407–2411
  22. Coghlan JG , Flitter WD , Clutton SM , et al.   Allopurinol pretreatment improves postoperative recovery and reduces lipid peroxidation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting . J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg . 1994;107:248–256
  23. Johnson WD , Kayser KL , Brenowitz JB , et al.   A randomized controlled trial of allopurinol in coronary bypass surgery . Am Heart J . 1991;121:20–24
  24. Butler R , Morris AD , Belch JJ , et al.   Allopurinol normalizes endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetics with mild hypertension . Hypertension . 2000;35:746–751
  25. Farquharson CA , Butler R , Hill A , et al.   Allopurinol improves endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure . Circulation . 2002;106:221–226
  26. Finch JL , Mu W , Parra G , et al.   Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction in rats . J Am Soc Nephrol . 2003;14:143A; (abstr)
  27. Waring WS , Adwani SH , Breukels O , et al.   Hyperuricaemia does not impair cardiovascular function in healthy adults . Heart . 2004;90:155–159
  28. Whiteman M , Ketsawatsakul U , Halliwell B . A reassessment of the peroxynitrite scavenging activity of uric acid . Ann N Y Acad Sci . 2002;962:242–259
  29. Rao GN , Corson MA , Berk BC . Uric acid stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by increasing platelet-derived growth factor A-chain expression . J Biol Chem . 1991;266:8604–8608
  30. Kang DH , Nakagawa T , Feng L , et al.   A role for uric acid in the progression of renal disease . J Am Soc Nephrol . 2002;13:2888–2897
  31. Watanabe S , Kang DH , Feng L , et al.   Uric acid, hominoid evolution, and the pathogenesis of salt-sensitivity . Hypertension . 2002;40:355–360
  32. Kanellis J , Watanabe S , Li JH , et al.   Uric acid stimulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in vascular smooth muscle cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase-2 . Hypertension . 2003;41:1287–1293
  33. Nelken NA , Coughlin SR , Gordon D , et al.   Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human atheromatous plaques . J Clin Invest . 1991;88:1121–1127
  34. Reape TJ , Groot PH . Chemokines and atherosclerosis . Atherosclerosis . 1999;147:213–225
  35. Boring L , Gosling J , Cleary M , et al.   Decreased lesion formation in CCR2−/− mice reveals a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis . Nature . 1998;394:894–897
  36. Furukawa Y , Matsumori A , Ohashi N , et al.   Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor antibody inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in injured rat carotid arteries . Circ Res . 1999;84:306–314
  37. Yla-Herttuala S , Lipton BA , Rosenfeld ME , et al.   Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in macrophage-rich areas of human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 1991;88:5252–5256
  38. Han L , Kanellis J , Li P , et al.   The evidence for a functional organic anion transporter in vascular smooth muscle cells . J Am Soc Nephrol . 2002;13:329A; (abstr)
  39. Price KL , Mu W , Raines EW , et al.   Expression of a urate transporter in human vascular smooth muscle cells . J Am Soc Nephrol . 2003;14:145A; (abstr)
  40. Kang DH , Yu ES , Park JE , et al.   Uric acid induced C-Reactive protein (CRP) expression via upregulation of angiotensin type I receptors in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells . J Am Soc Nephrol . 2003;14:136A; (abstr)
  41. Libby P , Ridker PM , Maseri A . Inflammation and atherosclerosis . Circulation . 2002;105:1135–1143
  42. Mazzali M , Kim YG , Suga S , et al.   Hyperuricemia exacerbates chronic cyclosporine nephropathy . Transplantation . 2001;71:900–905

 Supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants DK-52121 and HL-68607; the George O’Brien Center (1P50-DK064233-01); National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia; Don and Lorraine Jacquot Fellowship and Jacquot Research Establishment Awards, Australia (J.K.); and grant R04-2002-000-00183-0 from the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (D.-H.K.).

PII: S0270-9295(04)00150-0

doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.09.007

Seminars in Nephrology
Volume 25, Issue 1 , Pages 39-42 , January 2005

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution