Seminars in Nephrology
Volume 27, Issue 5 , Pages 511-518 , September 2007

Renin Inhibition: What Are the Clinical Perspectives?

  • Norman K. Hollenberg, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Norman K. Hollenberg, MD, PhD, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115.

References 

  1. Fisher NDL, Hollenberg NK. Is there a future for renin inhibitors?. Exp Opin Invest Drugs. 2001;10:417–426
  2. Fisher NDL, Hollenberg NK. Renin inhibition: what are the therapeutic opportunities?. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16:592–599
  3. Staessen JA, Li Y, Richart T. Oral renin inhibitors. Lancet. 2006;368:1449–1456
  4. Muller DN, Luft FC. Direct renin inhibition with aliskiren in hypertension and target organ damage. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1:221–228
  5. Azizi M. Renin inhibition. Cur Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2006;15:505–510
  6. Cheng H, Harris RC. Potential side effects of renin inhibitors-mechanisms based on comparison with other renin-angiotensin blockers. Exp Opin Drug Safe. 2006;5:631–641
  7. Azizi M, Web R, Nussberger J, Hollenberg NK. Renin inhibition with aliskiren: where are we now, and where are we going?. J Hypertens. 2006;24:243–256
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  11. Stanton A, Jensen C, Nussberger J, O’Brien E. Blood pressure lowering in essential hypertension with an oral renin inhibitor, Aliskiren. Hypertension. 2003;42:1137–1143
  12. Uresin Y, Taylor A, Kilo C, et al. Aliskiren, a novel renin inhibitor, has greater BP lowering than ramipril and additional BP lowering when combined with ramipril in patients with diabetes and hypertension. [abstract] J Hypertens. 2006;24(Suppl 4):S82
  13. Villamil A, Chrysant S, Calhoun D, Schober B, Hsu H, Zhang J. The novel oral renin inhibitor aliskiren provides effective blood pressure control in patients with hypertension when used alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. [abstract] J Clin Hypertens. 2006;8(Suppl A):A100
  14. Munger MA, Drummond W, Essop MR, Maboudian M, Khan M, Keefe DL. Aliskiren as add-on to amlodipine provides significant additional blood pressure lowering without increased oedema associated with doubling the amlodipine dose. [abstract] Eur Heart J. 2006;27(Suppl):117
  15. Strasser RH, Puig JG, Farsang C, Kroket M, Li J, van Ingen H. The oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren has comparable safety and efficacy to lisinopril in patients with severe hypertension. In: Paper presented at: 21st Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Hypertension. 2006;Oct 15-19; Fukuoka, Japan
  16. Navar L, Harrison-Bernard LM, Imig JD, Mitchell KD. Renal actions of angiotensin II and AT1 receptors. In:  Epstein M,  Brunner HR editor. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 2001;p. 190
  17. Sever PS, Poulter NR. Management of hypertension: is it the pressure or the drug? (Blood pressure reduction is not the only determinant of outcome). Circulation. 2006;113:2754–2774
  18. Elliott WJ, Jonsson MC, Black HR. It is not beyond the blood pressure; it is the blood pressure. Circulation. 2006;113:2763–2772
  19. Hollenberg NK, Fisher NDL, Price DA. Pathways for angiotensin II generation in the tissues of intact humans: evidence from comparative pharmacological interruption of the renin system. Hypertension. 1998;32:387–392
  20. Campbell DJ. Bioactive angiotensin peptides other than angiotensin II. In:  Epstein M,  Brunner HR editor. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, Inc; 2001;p. 9–27
  21. Skinner SL. The pathophysiology of prorenin. In:  Robertson IJ,  Nicholls MG editor. The renin-angiotensin system. New York: Gower Publishing; 1993;7.1-11
  22. Nguyen G, Delarue F, Burckle C, Bouzhir L, Giller T, Sraer J-D. Pivotal role of the renin/prorenin receptor in angiotensin II production and cellular responses to renin. J Clin Invest. 2002;10:1417–1427
  23. Nguyen G, Danser AHJ. The (pro)renin receptor: therapeutic consequences. Exp Opin Invest Drugs. 2006;15:1131–1135
  24. Huang Y, Wongamorntham S, Kasting J, McQuillan D, Owens RT, Yu L, et al. Renin increases mesangial cell transforming growth factor-β1 and matrix proteins through receptor-mediated, angiotensin III-independent mechanisms. Kidney Int. 2006;69:105–113
  25. Hollenberg NK, Fisher NDL, Price DA. Pathways for angiotensin II generation in intact human tissue (Evidence from comparative pharmacological interruption of the renin system). Hypertension. 1998;32:387–392
  26. Fisher NDL, Allan DR, Gaboury CL, Hollenberg NK. Intrarenal angiotensin II formation in humans (Evidence from renin inhibition). Hypertension. 1995;25:935–939
  27. Andersen NH, Mogensen CE. Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in diabetic and nondiabetic kidney disease. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2004;6:369–376
  28. Hollenberg NK. Is there a pharmacologic basis for combination renin axis blockade?. Kidney Int. 2005;68:2901–2903
  29. Hollenberg NK, Raij L. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and renal protection (An assessment of implications for therapy). Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:2426–2435

PII: S0270-9295(07)00092-7

doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2007.07.006

Seminars in Nephrology
Volume 27, Issue 5 , Pages 511-518 , September 2007

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