Seminars in Nephrology
Volume 28, Issue 4 , Pages 354-362 , July 2008

Snakebite-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Latin America

  • Fábia M. Oliveira Pinho, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Fábia M. Oliveira Pinho, MD, R. 86, no. 115, Sala: 104, Setor Sul Goiânia-Goiás, Brazil 74.083-330.
    • ,
  • Luis Yu, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • ARF Group, Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
    • ,
  • Emmanuel A. Burdmann, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Nephrology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

References 

  1. Chippaux JP. Snakebites: appraisal of the global situation. Bull World Health Organ. 1998;76:515–524
  2. Barraviera B. Estudo clínico dos acidentes ofídicos (Revisão). J Bras Med. 1993;65:209–250
  3. Pugh RN, Theakston RDG. Incidence and mortality on snakebite in savanna Nigeria. Lancet. 1980;2:81–83
  4. Sutherland SK, Leonard RL. Snakebite deaths in Australia 1992-1994 and management update. Med J Aust. 1995;163:616–618
  5. Nelson BK. Snake envenomation (Incidence, clinical presentation and management). Med Toxicol Adver Drug Exp. 1989;4:17–31
  6. Amaral CFS, Bucaretchi F, Araújo FAA, Cardoso JLC, Campos JA, Azevedo-Marques MM, et al. Manual de diagnóstico e tratamento de acidentes por animais peçonhentos. Brasil Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, Fundação Nacional de Saúde; 2001;
  7. Sitprija V, Boonpucknavig V. The kidney in tropical snakebite. Clin Nephrol. 1977;8:377–383
  8. Chugh KS. Snake-bite-induced acute renal failure. Kidney Int. 1989;35:891–907
  9. Hoge AR, Romano HS. Sinopse das serpentes peçonhentas. Mem Inst Butantan. 1978-1979;42/43:373-496.
  10. Campbell JA. Rattlesnakes, Crotalus. In:  Campbell JA,  Lamar WW editor. The venomous reptiles of Latin America. New York: Cornell University Press Ithaca; 1989;p. 333–345
  11. Azevedo-Marques MM, Ferreira DB, Costa RS. Rhabdomyonecrosis experimentally induced in wistar rats by Africanized bee venom. Toxicon. 1992;30:344–348
  12. Melgarejo AR. Serpentes peçonhentas do Brasil. In:  Cardoso JLC,  França FOS,  Wen FH,  Malaque CMS,  Haddad VJ editor. Animais peçonhentos no Brasil—biologia, clínica e terapêutica dos acidentes. São Paulo: Sarvier; 2003;p. 33–62
  13. Marques OAV, Sazima I. História natural da serpentes. In:  Cardoso JLC,  França FOS,  Wen FH,  Malaque CMS,  Haddad VJ editor. Animais peçonhentos no Brasil—biologia, clínica e terapêutica dos acidentes. São Paulo: Sarvier; 2003;p. 62–71
  14. Bercovici D, Chudziniski AM, Esteves MI, Picarelli ZP, Raw I, Ueda CMPM, et al. A systematic fractionation of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. Mem Inst Butantan. 1987;49:69–78
  15. Vital BO. Venenos ofídicos neurotóxicos. Rev Ass Med Brasil. 1980;26:212–218
  16. Oshima-Franco Y, Hyslop S, Prado JF, Cruz MAH, Rodríguez LS. Neutralizing capacity of antisera raised in horses and rabbits against Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) venom and its main toxin, crotoxin. Toxicon. 1999;37:1341–1357
  17. Vital BO, Franceschi JP, Waishich E. Pharmacology of crystalline crotoxin (Toxicity). Mem Inst Butantan. 1966;33:973
  18. Azevedo-Marques MM, Cupo P, Coimbra TM, Hering SE, Rossi MA, Laure CJ. Myonecrosis, myoglobinuria and acute renal failure induced by South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) envenomation in Brazil. Toxicon. 1985;23:631–636
  19. Azevedo-Marques MM, Hering SE, Cupo P. Evidence that Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) envenomation in humans causes myolysis rather than hemolysis. Toxicon. 1987;25:1163–1168
  20. Cupo P, Azevedo-Marques MM, Hering SE. Clinical and laboratory features of South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) envenomation in children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988;82:924–929
  21. Salvini TF, Amaral AC, Miyabara EH, Turri JAO, Danella PM, Araújo HSS. Systemic skeletal muscle necrosis induced by crotoxin. Toxicon. 2001;39:1141–1149
  22. Monteiro HAS, Silva IMSC, Martins AMC, Fonteles MC. Actions of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom and crotoxin on the isolated rat kidney. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001;34:1347–1352
  23. Martins AMC, Toyama MH, Havt A, Novello JC, Marangoni S, Fonteles MC, et al. Determination of Crotalus durissus cascavella venom components that induce renal toxicity in isolated rat kidney. Toxicon. 2002;40:1165–1171
  24. Amora DN, Sousa TM, Martins AM, Barbosa PS, Magalhães MR, Toyama MH, et al. Effects of Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom in the isolated rat kidney. Toxicon. 2006;47:260–264
  25. Barrio A. Gyroxin, a new neurotoxin of Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms. Acta Physiol Lat Am. 1961;11:224
  26. Amaral CFS, Rezende NA, Silva OA, Ribeiro MMF, Magalhães RA, Reis RJ, et al. Insuficiência renal aguda secundária a acidentes ofídicos botrópico e crotálico (Análise de 63 casos). Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 1986;28:220–227
  27. Magalhães RA, Ribeiro MMF, Rezende NA, Amaral CFS. Rabdomiólise secundária a acidente ofídico crotálico (Crotalus durissus terrificus). Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 1986;28:28–33
  28. Jorge MT, Ribeiro LA. Epidemiologia e quadro clínico do acidente por cascavel sul americana (Crotalus durissus). Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 1992;34:347–354
  29. Jorge MT, Ribeiro LA. Acidentes por serpentes peçonhentas do Brasil. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 1990;36:66–77
  30. Ribeiro LA, Albuquerque MJ, Campos VAFP, Katz G, Takaoka NY, Lebrão ML, et al. Óbitos por serpentes peçonhentas no Estado de São Paulo: avaliação de 43 casos, 1988/93. Rev Ass Med Bras. 1998;44:312–318
  31. Burdmann EA, Woronik V, Prado EB, Abdulkader RC, Saldanha LB, Barreto OC, et al. Snakebite-induced acute renal failure: an experimental model. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993;48:82–88
  32. Pinto RNL, Souza LCS, Silva AM, Pereira LIA, Andrade JG. Estudo clínico-epidemiológico de 774 casos de acidentes ofídicos. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1987;20(Suppl):56
  33. Silveira PVP, Nishioka AS. South American rattlesnake bite in a Brazilian teaching hospital (Clinical and epidemiological study of 87 cases, with analysis of factors predictive of renal failure). Trans Royal Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1992;86:562–564
  34. Bucaretchi F, Herrera SRF, Hyslop S, Baracat ECE, Vieira RJ. Snakebites by Crotalus durissus ssp in children in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 2002;44:133–138
  35. Pinho FMO, Zanetta DM, Burdmann EA. Acute renal failure after Crotalus durissus snakebite: a prospective survey on 100 patients. Kidney Int. 2005;67:659–667
  36. Vidal EC, Yu L, Castro I, Ori M, Malheiros DM, Burdmann EA. Snake venom-induced nephrotoxicity—in vivo and in vitro studies. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997;8:131A
  37. Martins AMC, Monteiro HSA, Júnior EOG, Menezes DB, Fonteles MC. Effects of Crotalus durissus cascavella venom in the isolated rat kidney. Toxicon. 1998;36:1441–1450
  38. Sullivan JB, Wingert WA. Reptile bites. In:  Averbach PS,  Geehr EC editor. Management of wilderness and environmental emergencies. 2nd ed.. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1989;p. 479–511
  39. Amaral CFS, Campolina D, Dias MB, Bueno CM, Chavez C, Penaforte CL, et al. Time factor in the detection of circulating whole venom and crotoxin and efficacy of antivenom therapy in patients envenomed by Crotalus durissus. Toxicon. 1997;35:699–704
  40. Castro I. Estudo da toxicidade das peçonhas crotálica e botrópica em túbulos proximais isolados de rins de rato. [doctorate thesis] In: São Paulo: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo; 2003;p. 92
  41. Better OS, Stein JH. Early management of shock and prophylaxis of acute renal failure in traumatic rhabdomyolysis. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:825–828
  42. Vanholder R, Sever MS, Erek E, Lameire N. Rhabdomyolysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2000;11:1553–1561
  43. Cupo P, Azevedo-Marques MM, Hering SE. Acidente crotálico na infância: aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais, epidemiológicos e abordagem terapêutica. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1991;24:87–96
  44. Zager RA. Rhabdomyolysis and myohemoglobinuric ARF. Kidney Int. 1996;49:314–326
  45. Weber RA, White RR. Crotalidae envenomation in children. Ann Plast Surg. 1993;31:141–145
  46. Silva AO, Lopez M, Godoy P. Intensive care unit treatment of acute renal failure following snakebite. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1979;28:401–407
  47. Vêncio D. Estudo do ofidismo em Goiás: comprometimento da função renal. Rev Goiana Med. 1988;34:95–116
  48. Amorim MF, Mello RF, Saliba F. Lesões renais induzidas experimentalmente no cão pelo veneno crotálico. Mem Inst Butantan. 1969;34:137–157
  49. Burdmann EA, Barcellos MA, Cardoso JL, Malheiro P, Abdulkader R, Daher E, et al. Acute interstitial nephritis after snake bite. Ren Fail. 1989;11:51–52
  50. Greene HW. Snakes. In: The evolution of mistery in nature. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1997;p. 351
  51. França FOS, Malaque CMS. Acidente botrópico. In:  Cardoso JLC,  França FOS,  Wen FH,  Malaque CMS,  Haddad VJ editor. Animais peçonhentos no Brasil—biologia, clínica e terapêutica dos acidentes. São Paulo: Sarvier; 2003;p. 72–86
  52. Machado Braga MD, Costa Martins AM, Alves CD, Menezes DB, Martins RD, Ferreira Barbosa PS, et al. Purification and renal effects of phospholipase A(2) isolated from Bothrops insularis venom. Toxicon. 2008;51:181–190
  53. Furtado MF. Contribuição ao estudo do veneno de Bothrops moojeni em função da idade das serpentes. [doctorate thesis] São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo; 1987;
  54. Daltry JC, Wuster W, Thorpe RS. Diet and snake venom evolution. Nature. 1996;379:537–540
  55. Kamiguti AS, Cardoso JL. Haemostatic changes caused by the venoms of South American snakes. Toxicon. 1989;27:955–963
  56. Kamiguti AS, Slupsky JR, Zuzel M, Hay CR. Properties of fibrinogen cleaved by Jararhagin, a metalloproteinase from the venom of B. jararaca. Thromb Haemost. 1994;72:244–249
  57. Kamiguti AS, Cardoso JL, Theakston RD, Sano-Martins IS, Hutton RA, Rugmann FP, et al. Coagulopathy and hemorrhage in human victims of Bothrops jararaca envenoming in Brazil. Toxicon. 1991;29:961–972
  58. Cupo P, Azevedo-Marques MM, Hering SE, Menezes JB. Acidentes ofídicos: análise de 102 casos. In: XXI Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, São Paulo, 1985 Feb 8. Livro de resumos: São Paulo; 1985;p. 23–24
  59. Queiroz LP, Moritz RD. Acidente botrópico em Florianópolis. Arq Catarinenses Med. 1989;18:163–166
  60. Kouyoumdjian JA, Polizelli C, Lobo SMA. Acidentes ofídicos causados por Bothrops moojeni na Região de São José do Rio Preto-SP. Arq Bras Med. 1990;64:167–171
  61. Nishioka AS, Silveira PV. A clinical and epidemiological study of 292 cases of lance-headed viper bite in a Brazilian teaching hospital. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992;47:805–810
  62. Ribeiro LA, Jorge MT. Acidente por serpente do gênero Bothrops: série de 3.139 casos. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1997;30:475–480
  63. Rodriguez AA, Uzcategui W, Azuaje R, Aguilar I, Giron ME. A clinical and epidemiological analysis of accidental bites by snakes of the genus Bothrops in Venezuela. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 2000;52:90–94
  64. Bucaretchi F, Herrera SRF, Hyslop S, Bcarat ECE, Vieira RJ. Snakebites by Bothrops spp in children in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo. 2001;43:329–333
  65. Otero R, Gutiérrez J, Beatriz Mesa M, Duque E, Rodríguez O, Luis Arango J, et al. Complications of Bothrops, Porthidium, and Bothriechis snakebites in Colombia (A clinical and epidemiological study of 39 cases attended in a university hospital). Toxicon. 2002;40:1107–1114
  66. Castro I, Burdmann EA, Seguro AC, Yu L. Bothrops venom induces direct renal tubular injury: role for lipid peroxidation and prevention by antivenom. Toxicon. 2004;43:833–839
  67. Boer-Lima PA, Gontijo JA, Cruz-Hofling MA. Histologic and functional renal alterations caused by Bothrops moojeni snake venom in rats. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;61:698–706
  68. Amaral CFS, Da Silva AO, Godoy P, Miranda D. Renal cortical necrosis following Bothrops jararaca and B. jararacussu snake bite. Toxicon. 1985;23:877–885
  69. Burdmann EA, Cais A, Vidal EC. Insuficiência renal aguda nefrotóxica: animais peçonhentos. In:  Schor N,  Boim MA,  Santos OFP editor. Insuficiência renal aguda: fisiopatologia, clínica e tratamento. São Paulo: Sarvier; 1997;p. 135–141
  70. Rezende NA, Amaral CF, Bambirra EA, Lachatt JJ, Coimbra TM. Functional and histopathological renal changes induced in rats by B. jararaca venom. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1989;22:407–416
  71. Boer-Lima PA, Gontijo JA, Cruz-Hofling MA. Bothrops moojeni snake venom-induced renal glomeruli changes in rat. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;67:217–222
  72. Monteiro HAS, Fonteles MC. The effect of B. jararaca venom on rat kidney after short-term exposure: preliminary results. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1999;85:198–200

 Dr. Emmanuel A. Burdmann is partially supported by grants from the Foundation for the Support of Research in the State of São Paulo (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP) and from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq).

PII: S0270-9295(08)00082-X

doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2008.04.004

Seminars in Nephrology
Volume 28, Issue 4 , Pages 354-362 , July 2008

Article Tools