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Acute renal failure (ARF) with overhydration and edematous state may follow Acute
endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis and extracapillary glomerulonephritis,
because of reduction of the glomerular capillary area available for filtration. But
ARF may also be observed In edematous patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome;
It may require dialysis until recovery and Is attributable to some of the following
factors: (1) Ischemic renal injury, (2) hypovolemia, (3) interstitial edema with tubular
collapse, (4) redistribution of renal blood flow (RBF) trom cortical to juxtaglomerular
nephrons, (5) decrease of capillary filtration coefficient (Kf), (6) use of nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory drugs. Congestive heart failure also leads to prerenal azotemia and
edema formation secondary to saH retention. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
Is frequently associated with ARF: but edema occurs even without ARF In septic patients
with severe inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). ARF may follow severe bums; burned
patients are frequently edematous because of a rapid leak of fluid from the vascular
bed Into the wound: edema in undamaged areas occurs In the ‘flow phase’, because of
a fall of oneotic pressure because of massive loss of plasma proteins into the wound.
Edema must be treated with diuretics or by dialysis.
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© 2001 W.B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
