Summary
Water reabsorption in the renal collecting duct is regulated by the antidiuretic hormone
vasopressin (AVP). When the vasopressin V2 receptor, present on the basolateral site
of the renal principal cell, becomes activated by AVP, aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels
will be inserted in the apical membrane, and in this fashion, water can be reabsorbed
from the pro-urine into the interstitium. The essential role of the vasopressin V2
receptor and AQP2 in the maintenance of body water homeostasis became clear when it
was shown that mutations in their genes cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, a disorder
in which the kidney is unable to concentrate urine in response to AVP. This review
describes the current knowledge on AQP2 mutations in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Keywords
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