Summary
Diabetes results in vascular changes and dysfunction, and vascular complications are
the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. There has been
a continual increase in the number of diabetic nephropathy patients and epidemic increases
in the number of patients progressing to end-stage renal diseases. To identify targets
for therapeutic intervention, most studies have focused on understanding how abnormal
levels of glucose metabolites cause diabetic nephropathy, which is of paramount importance
in devising strategies to combat the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.
However, less studied than the systemic toxic mechanisms, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia
might inhibit the endogenous vascular protective factors such as insulin, vascular
endothelial growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. In this review, we
highlight the importance of enhancing endogenous protective factors to prevent or
delay diabetic nephropathy.
Keywords
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Article info
Footnotes
Financial support: Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health/National Eye Institute (EY016150), and the National Institutes of Health (RO1DK053105-10, R24DK090961, and DERC P30DK036836 to G.L.K.). A.M. is the recipient of a Research Fellowship (Manpei Suzuki Diabetes Foundation, Kanzawa Medical Research Foundation, NOVARTIS Foundation, Japan).
Conflict of interest statement: none.
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© 2012 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
